References

1. Carey RM, Calhoun DA, Bakris GL, et al; American Heart Association Professional/Public Education and Publications Committee of the Council on Hypertension; Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; Council on Clinical Cardiology; Council on Genomic and Precision Medicine; Council on Peripheral Vascular Disease; Council on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research; and Stroke Council. Resistant hypertension: detection, evaluation, and management: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Hypertension. 2018;72(5):e53-e90.
2. Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA Guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Hypertension. 2018;71(6):1269-1324.
3. Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists’ Collaboration, Ninomiya T, Perkovic V, et al. Blood pressure lowering and major cardiovascular events in people with and without chronic kidney disease: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ. 2013;347:f5680.
4. Sim JJ, Bhandari SK, Shi J, et al. Comparative risk of renal, cardiovascular, and mortality outcomes in controlled, uncontrolled resistant, and nonresistant hypertension. Kidney Int. 2015;88(3):622-632.
5. Anderson AH, Yang W, Townsend RR, et al; Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study Investigators. Time-updated systolic blood pressure and the progression of chronic kidney disease: a cohort study. Ann Intern Med. 2015;162(4):258-265.
6. Thomas G, Xie D, Chen H-Y, et al; CRIC Study Investigators. Prevalence and prognostic significance of apparent treatment resistant hypertension in chronic kidney disease: report from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort study. Hypertension. 2016;67(2):387-396.
7. Braam B, Taler SJ, Rahman M, et al. Recognition and management of resistant hypertension. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2017;12(3):524-535.
8. Dahal K, Kunwar S, Rijal J, et al. The effects of aldosterone antagonists in patients with resistant hypertension: a meta-analysis of randomized and nonrandomized studies. Am J Hypertens. 2015;28(11):1376-1385.
9. Gwadry-Sridhar FH, Manias E, Lal L, et al. Impact of interventions on medication adherence and blood pressure control in patients with essential hypertension: a systematic review by the ISPOR medication adherence and persistence special interest group. Value Health. 2013;16(5):863-871.
10. Petrilla AA, Benner JS, Battleman DS, Tierce JC, Hazard EH. Evidence-based interventions to improve patient compliance with antihypertensive and lipid-lowering medications. Int J Clin Pract. 2005;59(12):1441-1451.
11. Wolley MJ, Stowasser M. Resistant hypertension and chronic kidney disease: a dangerous liaison. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2016;18(5):36.
12. National Kidney Foundation. K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines on hypertension and antihypertensive agents in chronic kidney disease. Guideline 6: dietary and other therapeutic lifestyle changes in adults. Updated 2004. https://kidneyfoundation.cachefly.net/professionals/KDOQI/guidelines_bp/guide_6.htm. Accessed February 5, 2019.
13. Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes. KDIGO clinical practice guideline for the management of blood pressure in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int Suppl. 2012;2(5):337-414.
14. Tyson CC, Lin PH, Corsino L, et al. Short-term effects of the DASH diet in adults with moderate chronic kidney disease: a pilot feeding study. Clin Kidney J. 2016;9(4):592-598.
15. Blumenthal JA, Sherwood A, Smith PJ, et al. Lifestyle modification for resistant hypertension: the TRIUMPH randomized clinical trial. Am Heart J. 2015;170(5):986-994.
16. Brandon L, Sharif F. Interventional therapies for resistant hypertension: a brief update. Interv Cardiol. 2016;11(1):65-69.
17. Bhatt DL, Kandzari DE, O’Neill WW, et al; SYMPLICITY HTN-3 Investigators. A controlled trial of renal denervation for resistant hypertension. N Engl J Med. 2014;370(15):1393-1401.
18. Kandzari DE, Bhatt DL, Brar S, et al. Predictors of blood pressure response in the SYMPLICITY HTN-3 trial. Eur Heart J. 2015;36(4):219-227.
19. Townsend RR, Mahfoud F, Kandzari DE, et al; SPYRAL HTN-OFF MED trial investigators. Catheter-based renal denervation in patients with uncontrolled hypertension in the absence of antihypertensive medications (SPYRAL HTN-OFF MED): a randomised, sham-controlled, proof-of-concept trial. Lancet. 2017;390(10108):2160-2170.
20. Kandzari DE, Bohm M, Mahfoud F, et al; SPYRAL HTN-ON MED Trial Investigators. Effect of renal denervation on blood pressure in the presence of antihypertensive drugs: 6-month efficacy and safety results from the SPYRAL HTN-ON MED proof-of-concept randomised trial. Lancet. 2018;391(10137):2346-2355.
21. Bisognano JD, Bakris G, Nadim MK, et al. Baroreflex activation therapy lowers blood pressure in patients with resistant hypertension: results from the double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled rheos pivotal trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;58(7):765-773.
22. Spiering W, Williams B, Van der Heyden J, et al; CALM-FIM_EUR investigators. Endovascular baroreflex amplification for resistant hypertension: a safety and proof-of-principle clinical study. Lancet. 2017;390(10113):2655-2661.
23. Lobo MD, Ott C, Sobotka PA, et al. Central iliac arteriovenous anastomosis for uncontrolled hypertension: one-year results from the ROX CONTROL HTN trial. Hypertension. 2017;70(6):1099-1105.
24. Kapil V, Sobotka PA, Saxena M, et al. Central iliac arteriovenous anastomosis for hypertension: targeting mechanical aspects of the circulation. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2015;17(9):585.